I have just found a TED video ,” The history of the world in 18 minutes ” ,which is very interest to watch, I would like to share my views on it.
Big History is an emerging academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present.
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.
The speaker is the first person who teaches courses on “Big History”.
The law of entropy says that the universe generally follows a path from structure and complexity to disordered, random “mush.” Consider how an egg becomes a runny, gooey mess amid whisking. Yet seemingly defying this law, the modern world is packed with complexity. That’s because pockets of ideal “Goldilocks conditions” can generate complexity that builds on itself. The universe passed eight “thresholds of complexity” and endured increasing challenge and fragility to become what it is today:“THE BIG BANG” – From dark emptiness, the universe originated with a bang 13.7 billion years ago. It was tinier than an atom but held everything that exists today, and it expanded rapidly.
“THE STARS LIGHT UP” – Some 380,000 years later, the first stable atoms formed after hydrogen and helium nuclei acquired electrons. For a time, the universe was little more than vast, structureless clouds of these atoms. But slight variances in their density enabled the crossing of a second threshold, about 200 million years after the Big Bang. Gravity compacted the denser clouds, heating up their centers. When their temperatures reached 10 million degrees, protons began fusing, leading to bursts of energy that became billions of stars.
“NEW CHEMICAL ELEMENTS” – When bigger stars die, the explosions’ high temperatures make protons fuse in new ways. Thus emerged the various elements of the periodic table.
“EARTH AND SOLAR SYSTEM” – The energy of fledgling suns and stars mixed and whirled chemical elements, forming “particles, snowflakes, little dust motes, rocks, asteroids” and finally “planets and moons.” Hence, our solar system was born, 4.5 billion years ago.
“LIFE ON EARTH” – Chemistry, working amid precisely the right amount of energy, a wide variety of chemical elements and a liquid state, gave rise to new molecules, and the DNA molecule allowed life to “stabilize the template” for replicating itself. DNA scattered, disseminating information. DNA is imperfect; every so often, an “error” appears, which allows DNA to learn. Single-celled organisms appeared, and, much later, multicellular organisms followed. Eventually, a natural disaster eradicated the dinosaurs, allowing humanity’s ancestors to thrive and evolve.
“THE APPEARANCE OF OUR SPECIES” – About 200,000 years ago, humans emerged. The human brain allowed them to learn and accumulate information faster than DNA could, and language enabled them to pass on and preserve their knowledge from generation to generation. This “collective learning” makes humans uniquely powerful and innovative.
“AGRICULTURE” – About 10,000 years ago, after the last ice age ended, humans began farming amid a shifting climate. The resulting “energy bonanza” enabled populations to grow and large societies to form.
“THE MODERN REVOLUTION” – Discovering fossil fuels some 200 years ago led to a second energy bonanza that feeds modern complexity. However, humanity’s collective learning carries risks. For instance, humans may not be in control of it. Their nuclear weapons, fossil fuel consumption, and other innovations pose a threat to the planet.